Stanko Radonjic, Vojvoda
(Duke). Born in Njegusi in 1841. Died in Cetinje in October 1889. Completed
the Lycee Louis le Grand in Paris (1858-1861) as a holder of Napoleon III
scholarship. Completed the Military Academy (L'Ecole militaire de Saint
Cyr). Upon return to Montenegro appointed wing ADC of Prince Nikola. Proclaimed
Vojvoda (Duke) and appointed Chief of General Staff after the outbreak
of the Montenegrin-Turkish war 1876. Delegate of Montenegro to the Russian
Supreme Command after the outbreak of the Russo-Turkish war in 1877. Representative
of Montenegro to the Russian Government in Sanct Petersburg until the Berlin
Congress. Delegate of Montenegro to the Berlin Congress 1878. On a special
mission in Vienna associated with the implementation of the provisions
of the Congress related to Austria-Hungary and Montenegro in 1878. Senator
and Head of the Prince's Office in charge of External Affairs until 1879.
Minister for Foreign Affairs from 8 March 1879 to 1 October 1889. Designated
Minister Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of Montenegro in Constantinople
on 22 July 1879 (mission failed in August 1879).
Member of the entourage of
Prince Nikola on the occasion of his visit to Sanct Petersburg in May 1883.
Member of the entourage of
Prince Nikola on the occasion of his visit to Constantinople in August
1883.
Gavrilo M. Vukovic,
Vojvoda (Duke), administrator. Born in Lijeva Rijeka in 1852. Died in 1928.
Began secondary school education in Nice (France) and completed it in Belgrade
(1869). Graduated from the Faculty of Law in Belgrade (1873). The first
law graduate in Montenegro. Appointed Secretary of the Senate in 1874.
Member of the Supreme Court. Held various senior State posts during the
war with Turkey from 1876-1878. Appointed Secretary of the Legation of
Montenegro in Constantinople from 22 July 1879 to 1880. Seconded as Attache
to the Commander of the Allied Fleet in Boka Kotorska Bay, Lord Seymour,
1880. Charge d'Affairs of the Legation of Montenegro in Constantinople
in 1883. Member of the Supreme Court. Member of the Legislative Commision
(1888). Acted as Minister for Foreign Affairs from 1 October 1889 and Minister
for Foreign Affairs from 1890 to 6 December 1905. President of the State
Council from 1906-1908. Retired in 1908. Minister Plenipotentiary of the
Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes in Constantinople from 1919.
Elected Member of Parliament
in 1906 and 1914.
Published Memoirs, I-III.
Lazar Dj. Mijuskovic,
politician. Born in the village of Pjesivci, Niksic on 24 December 1867.
Died in Belgrade in 1936. Graduated from the Faculty of Technology in Paris.
In diplomatic-consular service from 1893. Consul in Skoder from 1893-1902.
Administrator of Finance (Main State Control) from 21 May to 3 June 1903.
Minister of Finance from 3 June 1903 to 6 December 1905. Prime Minister
and Minister for Foreign Affairs from 6 December 1905 to 11 November 1906.
Envoy of Montenegro in Belgrade from 1908. Prime Minister and Minister
for Foreign Affairs from 20 December 1915 to 29 April 1916. In exile with
the Government from 1916.
Marko Radulovic, judge
and statesman. Born in the village of Pazici, Danilovgrad on 15 December
1866. Completed elementary school in the monastery of Zdrebaonik. Completed
five grades of secondary school in Belgrade and three in Zajecar (Serbia).
Graduated from the Faculty of Law in Belgrade (1892). Assistant Minister
of Justice of Montenegro, in charge of the affairs relating to the organisation
of courts and administration of justice from 1893. President of the District
Court in Danilovgrad from 1896. President of the Regional Court in Podgorica
from 1903-1905. State Counsellor and Member of Parliament for Podgorica
from 1905. Prime Minister and Minister for Foreign Affairs from 11 November
1906 to 19 January 1907. Opened a law firm in Cetinje in 1910. Member of
the Supreme Court from 1913. Minister of Justice and representative of
the Minister of Education from 20 December 1915 to 29 April 1916. Private
lawyer from 1919 to 1924. President of the Supreme Court in Podgorica from
14 October 1924.
Internee in Hungary and Lower
Austria during the 1916-1918 occupation.
Member of the Radical Party
from 1919 and President of its Central Board for Montenegro for a period.
Elected Senator on 3 January 1932 and on 3 February 1935.
Andrija Radovic, politician.
Born in the village of Martinici, Montenegro on 28 January 1872. Died in
Belgrade in 1947. Completed secondary school in Montenegro. Studied engineering
in Italy. Upon return became the State engineer, Director of Public Works
and Head of Department in the Ministry for Internal Affairs until 1905.
Minister of Finance from 6 December 1905 to 11 November 1906. Prime Minister,
Minister for Foreign Affairs and Representative of Ministers of War and
Finance, respectively from 19 January to 4 April 1907. Minister of Finance
from 20 December 1915 to 29 April 1916. Prime Minister and Minister for
Foreign Affairs from 29 April 1916 to 4 January 1917.
Leader of the People's Party
in Montenegro. Set up the Montenegrin Committee for National Unification
in 1917. Deputy of the Great National Assembly in Podgorica, which voted
unification with Serbia on 26 November 1918. Member of the Delegation of
the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes to the Peace Conference in Paris.
Elected Deputy of the Constituent Assembly, as representative of the Democratic
Party. Vice-President of the Democratic Deputies' Club. Member of the Directorate
of Monopolies from 1921 and Governor of the National Bank in Belgrade.
Published works: Unification
of Montengero and Serbia, Geneva (1917); Le Montenegro, son passe et son
avenir, Paris (1918) (Montengro, Its Past and Future); Question de Scutari,
Paris (The Question of Skoder) 1919.
Lazar Tomanovic, statesman.
Born in the village of Lepetane, Boka Kotorska in 1845. Died in November
1932. Attended secondary school in Zadar and Novi Sad. Studied law in Budapest
and Graz. Took a doctor's degree in law in Graz (1874). Secretary of the
Senate of Montenegro until 1874. On probation in the court in Kotor and
practicing law in Cetinje from 1874 to 1888. Editor of "Glas Crnogoraca"
(Voice of Montenegrins) during the war with Turkey in 1876 and from 1888.
Judge of the Supreme Court in Cetinje from 1903 and its President from
26 February 1903 to 1907. Prime Minister and Minister for Foreign Affairs
from 4 April 1907 to 10 August 1911. Minister of Justice from 4 April 1907
to 2 April 1909. Minister of Internal Affairs from 24 January to 31 March
1910. Representative of Minister of Justice from 1 September 1910 to 10
August 1911. Prime Minister from 10 August 1911 to 6 June 1912. Judge of
the Supreme Court from 1910. Retired on 19 April 1920.
Contributor of a large number
of Serbian periodicals, calendars and newspapers before the 1918 unification.
Editor of periodicals and yearbooks. Translated from Italian. Major works:
Petar II Petrovic Njegos as a Ruler (1896); On the Annexation of Bosnia
and Herzegovina (1909); My Years as Minister (1921).
Dusan Gregovic, politician.
Born in Petrovac, Montenegro in 1875. Died in Belgrade on 19 July 1923.
Completed secondary school in Cetinje. Completed the Turkish Galata-Saray
Lycee in Constantinople. Upon completion of education Secretary in the
Ministry for Foreign Affairs. Consul of Montenegro in Skoder from 1905-1907.
Charge d'Affairs of Montenegro Constantinople from May 1907. Consul in
Skoder from 1 October 1910-1911. Minister for Foreign Affairs from 10 August
1911 to 6 June 1912. Chamberlain from 6 June 1912. After the 1918 unification,
Head of Department in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
Elected Deputy of the first
Montenegrin Assembly.
Mitar Martinovic,
General. Born in the village of Bajice, Cetinje on 8 November 1870. Died
in Belgrade on 11 February 1954. Completed the naval school in Milan and
the Military Academy in Turin in 1890. Promoted to the rank of Brigadier
in 1902 and to Major-General in 1914. Minister of War from 4 April 1907
to 1 September 1910. Prime Minister, Minister of Armed Forces and Representative
of the Minister for Foreign Affairs from 6 June 1912 to 25 April 1913.
During the first Balkan war,
in addition to the post held in the Government, Commander of the Primorski
Detachment besieging Skoder. At the beginning of World War One in 1914,
Commander of the Herzegovina and, subsequently, of the Drina Detachments.
Delegate of the Montenegrin Army to the Russian Supreme Command from April
to December 1915.
Admitted to the Yugoslav
Army with the rank of General and appointed to the post of Assistnt Commander
of the I Army District. Retired at his own request in 1921.
Published work: Military
Spirit and Discipline (1900).
Petar Plamenac, studied
veterinary medicine in Vienna. Consul of Montenegro in Skoder from 1907-1910.
Charge d'Affairs of the Legation of Montenegro in Constantinople from 1910
and from 22 March 1912. Minister for Foreign Affairs from 25 April 1913
to 27 August 1915. Member of the Delegation of Montenegro to the Peace
Conference in Bucharest in 1913. In 1917, appointed Envoy of Montenegro
to the USA, but the US Government withheld its agreement to the appointment.
In exile until 1925.
Janko Vukotic, General.
Born in the village of Cevo, Montengro on 18 February 1866. Died in Belgrade
on 4 February 1927. Completed secondary school in Montenegro. Completed
the Military Academy in Modena (Italy) in 1886. Promoted to the rank of
Brigadier in 1902; to the rank of General in 1914; to Army General in 1926.
Minister of Armed Forces from 6 December 1905 to 11 November 1906. Commander
of the 1st Division from 1910. Minister of Armed Forces from 10 August
1911 to 6 June 1912. Prime Minister and Minister of Armed Forces from 25
April 1913 to 3 July 1915 (from 4 July 1914 represented by Risto Popovic).
Minister for Foreign Affairs from 27 August to 20 December 1915. Assistant
Commander of the Army District; Commander of the Division District and,
subsequently, of the Army District from 1919-1927.
During the Balkan war of
1912, Commander of the Eastern Detachment in Metohija and the area in the
direction of Skoder; later on appointed Chief of Staff of the Supreme Command.
During World War One in 1914, Chief of Staff of the Supreme Command and
Commander of the Herzegovina Detachment, the Sandjak and the Uzice Army.
From 17 January 1916, Commander of the Protection Force and Chief of Staff
of the Supreme Command. Taken prisoner of war in 1916.
Mirko M. Mijuskovic,
Minister of Education from 25 April 1913 to 12 April 1914. Minister of
Finance from 27 August to 20 December 1915. Representative of the Minister
for Foreign Affairs from 21 September to 20 December 1915.
President of the Main Board
of the Montenegrin Party (Federalist) 1924-1928.
Milutin Tomanovic,
Aide de Camps of Prince Nikola. Minister for Foreign Affairs and Representative
of the Minister of Education from 4 January to 29 May 1917.
Member of the entourage of
Prince Nikola on the occasion of his visit to Berlin in 1905.
Evgenije Popovic,
diplomat and statesman. Born in Boka Kotorska. Educated in Trieste. Advocate
in Rome until 1896. Honorary Consul in the Consulate General of Montenegro
in Rome from 1896-1917. Prime Minister and Minister for Foreign Affairs
from 29 May 1917 to 17 February 1919.
Participated in Garibaldi's
detachments in the struggle for the unification of Italy.
Pero Dj. Soc, politician,
publicist. Born in the village of Dubova, Montenegro on 12 July 1884. Died
in Belgrade on 1 February 1966. Educated in Montenegro. Took a doctor's
degree in literature at the University of Dijon (France). Clerk in PTT
Directorate. Head of Section in the Ministry and Deputy Head of PTT Department
in the Main Directorate of PTT of Montenegro from 1909. Representative
of the Minister of Justice and Minister of Education from 2 September 1917
to 17 February 1919. Representative of the Minister for Foreign Affairs
from December 1918 to 17 February 1919. Minister of Justice and Represenative
of the Minister of Education from 17 February 1919 until the death of King
Nikola on 1 March 1921. Returned to Yugoslavia from exile in 1926 and was
granted ministerial pension. Reactivated and appointed Head of Post and
Telegraph Department of the Ministry of Public Works 1929-1930. Editor
and owner of the newspaper "Nasa posta" (Our Post) 1930-1934.
Promoter of the idea of establishment
of the Ministry of Posts and Telegraph (1930). Contributor to the Dictionary
of the Serbian Academy of Sciences. Writer in the Montenegrin bibliography.
After 1945: contributor of the Institute of History of Montenegro.
Published works: Du nationalisme
Serbe (1916); Le Montenegro (1917); Crna Gora (Montenegro), Belgrade (1928);
Contributions for the Cultural History of Montenegro, Belgrade (1939),
etc.
Jovan S. Plamenac,
politician. Born in the village of Boljevici, Bar in 1873. Executed in
1944. Completed lower secondary school in Montenegro and Teacher-Training
School in Aleksinac (Serbia) and Pakrac (Slavonija). Attended two-year
pedagogical course in Jena (Germany). Upon return became a teacher of the
Theological and Teacher-Training School. Minister of Education from 4 April
1907 to 2 April 1909. Minister of Internal Affairs from 2 April 1909 to
24 January 1910 and from 31 March to 30 August 1910. Minister of Internal
Affairs and Representative of the Minister of Education from 6 June 1912
to 25 April 1913. Prime Minister, Minister for Foreign Affairs and Representative
of the Minister of Internal Affairs in the Government in Exile from 17
February 191 to 1 March 1921, e.g. until the death of King Nikola.
Confidant of the Montenegrin
Court. Remained in the country after the capitulation in 1916. Organiser
of the Anti-Unification Christmas Rebellion; went to exile afterwards.
After the death of King Nikola proclaimed himself the Regent. When all
his political attempts in exile failed, returned to Belgrade in 1925 and
joined the Radicals. Collaborated with the Italians during the occupation
from 1941-1943.
