Aleksandar Rakovic
EDUCATION
IN MONTENEGRO
CIRRICULUM, TEXTBOOKS AND SCHOOL DOCUMENTS
The
youngest Montenegrins learnt to read and write from THE
SERB ELEMENTARY READING BOOK. During the rule
of Petar I Petrovic Njegos, THE SERB ELEMENTARY
READING BOOK, was printed in Venice, in 1812.
In the year of 1836, Petar II Petrovic Njegos, published the new edition
of THE SERB ELEMENTARY READING BOOK and
in 1838 THE SERB GRAMMAR in the Montenegrin
capital, Cetinje. THE SERB ELEMENTARY READING
BOOK in Montenegro contained the examples
of the glorious Serb past such as the lessons about
Stefan
Nemanja, the founder of the medieval Serb dynasty.
From 1854, in the time
of Prince Danilo Petrovic Njegos, in Cetinje primary school the pupils learnt Serb Grammar (2nd and 3rd
grades), Montenegrin History (2nd grade) and Serb History (3rd grade). (Schools in Montenegro, Pancevo 1876;
work of Milan Kostic, former rector of Cetinje Church School)
In
1889, the pupils of the 4th grade of elementary school had the compulsory
subjects: Religious Instruction, Serbian Language, Slavic Reading, Arithmetic,
Geometry, Geography, Serb History, Nature Study, Calligraphy, Singing (religious
and folk), Gymnastic and Military Exercises. (Prosvjeta, Cetinje, April-May,
1889)
By
working out of the plan it is regulated that in geography lessons the pupils
learnt
. Also, the children drew Serb lands
and sang songs such as: I Am Serb, the Son of the Serb; Tropar to Saint
Sava; Arise, Arise the Serb; The Serb Gladly Goes to the Army; There,
Over There; Serb Kolo
(dance)... (Prosvjeta,
Cetinje, July-August, 1890)
According
to the Statute of the Organization of Gymnasium
in the Princedom of Montenegro, from August
30th 1890, the following cirriculum for the students of gymnasium was compulsory:
Religious Instruction, Serbian Language and Literature, Latin Language,
Greek Language, Russian Language, Old Slavic Language and Literature, Geography
and History (global and Serb), Mathematics, Nature Study, Physics, Philosophy,
Drawing, Calligraphy, Gymnastic and Military Exercises, Singing and Music.
(Prosvjeta, Cetinje, September-October, 1890)
In
Theological-techers school the compulsory subjects were: Serb History (2nd
grade), Serb History and Geography (3rd grade). The program of geography
consisted of studying the Serb lands independent,
subjugated and occupied as well as main cities, places and villages in
entire Serbdom. (Prosvjeta, Cetinje, November-December,
1890)
In
the Gymnasium of Cetinje, the themes which were taught on the Serbian language
classes were: Serb Mother, Saint Sava, The
Building of Ravanica Monastery, The Girl of Kosovo, Milos Obilic (1st,
2nd, and 3rd grades). In 4th grade the selected Serb literary works were
being read and the program of geography consisted of studying Special
Geography of Serb Lands with the Short History of the Serbs. General View
of Serb Lands. (Prosvjeta, Cetinje, November-December,
1890)
In
the article
History in an Elementary School
in Montenegro (Prosvjeta, Cetinje, January-February, 1891), history
is said to be a source from which the youth will obtain love toward Serbdom
and everything Serb.
Here is how Serb Grammar
for Montenegrin pupils of third and fourth grade looked in 1900
The
Law on the People's Schools in the Princedom of Montenegro
is published in February 2nd 1907. The second edition of the Law
was published in the Kingdom of Montenegro in 1911. In the paragraph
1 it is said that the mission of the People's schools is spreading
of Serb literacy. In the paragraph 26 it is said
that the school subjects are: Christian Science, Serb History, Serbian
Language, Church-slavic reading, Drawing and Calligraphy , Singing (secular
and religious), Gymnastic and Children's Games, Geography, Nature Study,
Field and Domestic Economy, Hygiene, Arithmetic and Geometry and if it
is possible The Hand Work and Domestic Farm. The People's school in Montenegro
is also called - The Serb People's School (paragraph
13).
In
geography textbook for 3rd grade of elementary school (1911), by the authors
Djuro Popovic and Jovan Roganovic it is said:
In
Montenegro live only true and pure Serbs who speak Serbian language...
Besides Montenegro there are more Serb lands in which our Serb brothers
are living... Some of them are free as we are and some subjugated to foreigner.
Each
Serb in Montenegro is obligated to love his entire Fatherland, all Serb
lands - in which our free and unfree Serb brothers are living.
The
poem Saint Sava,
from the reading book for the 2nd grade of elementary school in Montenegro:
Serb
children, Serb church,
Serb
nation is celebrating the Slava,
In
the poems raises, carries,
The
Saint Sava Nemanjic...
Saint
Sava, O the Serb Saint,
Your
merits are powerful;
Today
with joy the Serbs are singing
the
most sweetest song...
All
language, history, geography and religious textbooks in independent Montenegro
were inspired with glorious Serb past and Serb national idea.
MONTENEGRIN SCHOOL DOCUMENTS
STATE GIMNASIUM CERTIFICATE, 1902 [in color]
Mother tongue in Montengero is Serbian language
CHURCH SCHOOL CERTIFICATE, 1905 [in color]
Compulsory subjects: Serb language and literature, Serb history and geography
PUBLIC SCHOOL CERTIFICATE, 1908
Nationality and faith: Serb of Orthodox faith
CHURCH SCHOOL CERTIFICATE, 1909
Nationality and faith: Serb of Orthodox faith
PAGE FROM CHURCH SCHOOL RECORD BOOK, 1908-09
Nationality and faith: Serb of Orthodox faith
PUBLIC SCHOOL CERTIFICATE, 1911
Nationality and faith: Serb of Muslim faith
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